2018-02-08

From the desk of Mrs. Baby Abraham . . . . . .


SACREDNESS, HOLINESS, PIETY OF A NATION

What  is sacredness ?
What is holiness ?
What is piety ?
Who are saints and sages ?
Who are law abiding citizens who who want their country, their families, their children to live in peace and in harmony forever .
Who are the citizens who want to provoke their own family, their own children, their own country men so that there will be weeping and crying and bloodshed so that like the fox who drank the blood of the fighting goats and be satisfied by the violence they created for their own personal benefits  and for wielding
power ,when others lament  for help from the attackers.
What calculated moves  to destroy all that the present as well as the previous governments struggled for so long.
From a torn apart, weeping, blood flowing country , all our leaders worked day and night , giving all their material possessions, their youth, =their employments with high salary, their family prestiege,  their sweat and blood for building a nation where their children as well as their friend, relatives, workers, preists and poojaries, their Hindu , Muslim , Christian, Budhists, Jains, Sikhs friends could live in this ONE NATION, ONE   UNION STATE. They witnessed the horrors of partition and it remained fresh in their minds forever. Therefore they  struggled relentlessly to bring in harmony among such varied cultures, religions, languages, dress models. Eating habit, family structures and traditions. When we go abroad, we  are a WONDER for them. They simply cannot fathom the deep-rooted patriotism and National spirit of India and the Spirit of bondage underlying and girding us as ONE NATION.

All our developmental activities, the infrastructure developments,  research and inventions and innovation trend is bearing fruit. Shall we snub them off  by destroying the character and dignity and honor of Ram who is the epitome of peace, HUMILITY, LOVE OF HIS Family even being obedient to so many mothers !!At present obeying and respecting the original mother is wanting, leave alone step mothers, that also not because the mother is dead, but simply because he wanted to marry again and again !!! 
Therefore first let us exqamine ourselves whether we respect our own father and mother ?
Do we love our own husband and wife ?
Do we love our own children ?
Do we love our own country?
If all the above can be achieved by our spirituality and religious fervor,
We will invariably love our neighbors, as friends and there will not be any competition or strife .
Will our piety, spirituality help us to build others or destroy others ?
Do we intent to create another Indo – Pak scenario ?
Do we like to see replicas of displaced Syrian and Rohingyas.
Do we appreciate and applaud the Mynamr government or the Syrian government for their bravery in protecting the freedom, nobility, dignity and liberty which are assured by their PREAMBLE ?
Does religious freedom and SPIRITUALITY  make peace within us for ONE NATION.

Now let us have a glimpse at the resulting scenario  in the natural  course of events as is done previously.

Think of :

The safety of Hindu women and Muslim women
The safety of Hindu children and Muslim children
The safety of Hindu youth and Muslim youth
Think of the dignity of Hindu priests ad the Muslim clergy
Think of the Hindu schools and colleges and Muslim schools and colleges
Think of the Hindu hospitals and Muslim hospitals think of the property of Hindus and Muslims
Think of the safety of the intercaste marriages  and the couples and their children. ( which side will help them, which side CAN help them even if they wanted to )
What sacredness and piety and practice  !!!………….. Have we improved better than all our ancestors with all our education,  of religion freedom and liberty ond  independence. Most of us feel that we are free to fight and destroy people and property -  public and private  -  whenever we want, for whatever purpose we feel as if this is the only mode of expression of displeasure in FREE INDIA- The reason , may be some people do this at home and they feel that they can do it in public also. ( Definition of freedom has to be redefined )
At home they buy the thing and they break it. The loss is our and that is terrible . But public property belongs to the nation, bought by the tax payers money, their hard earned money. That must be reinstated. That can be retrieved from the POLITICAL PARTY OR RELIGIOUS GROUP OR SUBGROUP OR CASTE , then we can say we can protect our own and we can protect the property of the nation.
Still who can restore the lives of murdered people, pain, suffering, shame of brutality, abuse , torture. How can we make the whole world sacred with brutality at home. Who will be our companions if we hate our family and our own people. Is this a good example others  to follow. Everything seems to be


         Will the multinational companies wish to stay on in a violent nation. All mulinationals are looking for countries where they can have their business by which they can profit  and we also gain along with them !! Their aim is their own profitability . If we have peace, they gain and we also gain. It is mutual. Same way within and among ourselves , if we have peace and harmony, Hindus gain, Muslims gain, Jains gain, Sikhs gin, Budhists gain, Christians gain. We all need help and support and trust from all around us, Man is not an Island.
When a husband or wife behave irrational, the family suffers, their children suffers. They cannot do the work properly in their work place, children cannot study well, and cannot get good marks, cannot get good jobs, cannot prosper, become mentally, emotionally distorted, no balance in their life style, and ultimately a country with terrorists who run away from home, who joins drug addiction groups, who are murders, cheating and violent people. All these will happen if another communal violence occur and it will be nation wide which will have implications on our national and international relationships, import and export, research work, nuclear, medical,  engineering, architectural, economic cultural financial, emotional, psychological behavior of ourselves and our children and the future generations. One more history lesson in  the class books about the “  RAM JANMABHUMI AND BABRI MASJIT,” .

Ambition for economic reforms, employment for all, education for all, cleaqn water, clean air, clean living , clean habits, clean neighborhood, clean roads, all have made our spirituality a shamble aqnd that inturn  contaminate the lans with dead bodies and blood shed, the mind of children are enfolded in fear and turmoil. How can they concentrate on their studies and work when they read the headlines of all the news papers proclaiming the attack on their very existence. 

The Game PLAYED BY THE GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE PRESS  DAMPEN THE SPIRIT AND VITALITY OF ALL INDIANS specially the young minds.
KEEP THE FIRE IN THER YOUNG MINDS DOWSED WITH “ FEAR FOR TOMORROW “ AND YOU WILL GET A NATIONS OF COWARDS AND TERRORISTS.
We do not like to open the news  paper in the “ GOOD MORNING “. Let the game go on eternally.
The cheating mind can not deliver anything good.

IN QUIETNESS AND CONFIDENCE IS YOUR STRNGTH .
If you keep on agitating the minds of men and women and children, right in the morning, how can they concentrate on their studies or work. Why do the media,  the news agencies keep on bombarding the minds of people with terror and violence and anticipation of judgements which can explode the serenity of our nation everyday and keep us captive in a fearful  state of mind and it attracts more violence and more  anticipated terrorism and violence  and thus the  chain  reaction goes on and on.  Your expectations and anticipations are fulfilled . Therefore change your attitude and wish for peace and harmonious state of mind and nation. The people staying near the sacred land of this disputed area will be hesitant to send their children  to school, nobody will be willing to open their shops or banks or factories because of the news published. The local people themselves want to live in harmony and are eager to have a peaceful co –existence. But the religious and political parties will not allow it. WHAT A SHAME. The one who pledged to uphold the integrity of nation is playing game, keeping the minds of innocent law abiding  citizens in turmoil.

Or are all the news published fake ?!!!


                       We are writing new page in History everyday.

2018-02-02

From the desk of Mrs. Baby Abraham . . . . . .



Each country generates their share of effluence depending upon the manufacturing capacity because this is inevitable to happen. When we eat a plantain, its peel is the waste that we produce. If we throw it on the road, some one may fall. It can become degenerate and cause nuisance, attract rats and flies. Produce nasty smell.
 When the whole amount of industrial effluence  starts acting according to their inherent nature and qualities, we get fire  and fumes and froth on the water in lakes as it occurred in Bangalore, well water getting contaminated near tanneries, and chemical factories  etc.
Now these effluence will have the same characteristics of their fine products which is despatched to the markets nationally and internationally, why not make use of the bi- products from them. When milk is
made into cheese and whey,  people throw away the whey. Now major companies collect all the whey and produce excellent health and energy  and stamina boosting products for our athletes who  compete in Olympic !!!

The rare earth production in China left so much waste and discarded them until it was found that even more valuable minerals were hidden in the waste !!

The cotton industry did not knew what to do with the cotton seed which amounts to tons and tons of waste , till some one found that we could produce cotton seed oil from this waste  . !!!

From all these high powered waste we produce fuel also, since just a small portion of vegetables can  produce enough fuel to sustain a small family’s needs, how much more powerful and clean  and  efficient fuel can be generated from these   powerful waste . Instead of destroying the earth by leaving it to flow

everywhere , inflicting diseases to man and animals and  polluting the atmosphere,  let us harness its utility side .






POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION: LOCAL EFFECTS AND IT’S CONTROL – Vol. I –

Industrial Wastewater-Types, Amounts and Effects - Hanchang SHI INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER-TYPES, AMOUNTS AND EFFECTS Hanchang SHI Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Keywords: Wastewater, industry, environment, pollution, effect, amount, types Contents 1. Introduction 2. The types of industrial waste water 3. The amounts of industrial wastewater 4. The effects of industrial wastewater 5. Other factors related to the effect of industrial wastewater Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Industrial wastewater is one of the important pollution sources in the pollution of the water environment. During the last century a huge amount of industrial wastewater was discharged into rivers, lakes and coastal areas. This resulted in serious pollution problems in the water environment and caused negative effects to the eco-system and human’s life. There are many types of industrial wastewater based on different industries and contaminants; each sector produces its own particular combination of pollutants. Like the various characteristics of industrial wastewater, the treatment of industrial wastewater must be designed specifically for the particular type of effluent produced. The amount of wastewater depends on the technical level of process in each industry sector and will be gradually reduced with the improvement of industrial technologies. The increasing rates of industrial wastewater in developing countries are thought to be much higher than those in developed countries. This fact predicts that industrial wastewater pollution, as a mean environment pollution problem, will move from developed countries to developing countries in the early 21st century. 1. Introduction Until the mid 18th century, water pollution was essentially limited to small, localized areas. Then came the Industrial Revolution, the development of the internal combustion engine, and the petroleum-fuelled explosion of the chemical industry. With the rapid development of various industries, a huge amount of fresh water is used as a raw material, as a means of production (process water), and for cooling purposes. Many kinds of raw material, intermediate products and wastes are brought into the water when water passes through the industrial process. So in fact the wastewater is an "essential by-product” of modern industry, and it plays a major role as a pollution sources in the pollution of water ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) 191 POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION: LOCAL EFFECTS AND IT’S CO

environment. 2. The types of industrial waste water There are many types of industrial wastewater based on the different industries and the contaminants; each sector produces its own particular combination of pollutants (see Table 1). Sector Pollutant Iron and steel BOD, COD, oil, metals, acids, phenols, and cyanide Textiles and leather BOD, solids, sulfates and chromium Pulp and paper BOD, COD, solids, Chlorinated organic compounds Petrochemicals and refineries BOD, COD, mineral oils, phenols, and chromium Chemicals COD, organic chemicals, heavy metals, SS, and cyanide Non-ferrous metals Fluorine and SS Microelectronics COD and organic chemicals Mining SS, metals, acids and salts Table 1: Water Pollutants by the Industrial Sector The metal-working industries discharge chromium, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and titanium compounds, among them the electroplating industry is an important pollution distributor. Photo processing shops produce silver, dry cleaning and car repair shops generate solvent waste, and printing plants release inks and dyes. The pulp and paper industry relies heavily on chlorine-based substances, and as a result, pulp and paper mill effluents contain chloride organics and dioxins, as well as suspended solids and organic wastes. The petrochemical industry discharges a lot of phenols and mineral oils. Also wastewater from food processing plants is high in suspended solids and organic material. Like the various characteristics of industrial wastewater, the treatment of industrial wastewater must be designed specifically for the particular type of effluent produced. Generally, industrial wastewater can be divided into two types: inorganic industrial wastewater and organic industrial wastewater. 2.1 Inorganic industrial wastewater Inorganic industrial wastewater is produced mainly in the coal and steel industry, in the nonmetallic minerals industry, and in commercial enterprises and industries for the surface processing of metals (iron picking works and electroplating plants). These wastewaters contain a large proportion of suspended matter, which can be eliminated by sedimentation, often together with chemical flocculation through the addition of iron or aluminum salts, flocculation agents and some kinds of organic polymers. The purification of warm and dust-laden waste gases from blast furn


POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION: LOCAL EFFECTS AND IT’S CONTROL – Vol. I - Industrial Wastewater-Types, Amounts and Effects - Hanchang SHI cupola furnaces, refuse and sludge incineration plants, and aluminum works results in wastewater containing mineral and inorganic substances in dissolved and undissolved form. The pre-cooling and subsequent purification of blast-furnace gases requires up to 20 m3 water per t of pig iron. On its way into the gas cooler the water absorbs fine particles of ore, iron and coke, which do not easily settle. Gases dissolve in it, especially carbon dioxide and compounds of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, if they are water-soluble or if they are dissolved out of the solid substances by gases washed out along with them. In the separation of coal from dead rock, the normal means of transport and separation is water, which then contains large amounts of coal and rock particles and is called coalwashing water. Coal-washing water is recycled after removal of the coal and rock particles through flotation and sedimentation processes. Other wastewater from rolling mills contain mineral oil and require additional installations, such as scum boards and skim-off apparatus, for the retention and removal of mineral oils. Residues of emulsified oil remaining in the water also need chemical flocculation. In many cases, wastewater is produced in addition to solid substances and oils, and also contains extremely harmful solutes. These include blast-furnace gas-washing wastewater containing cyanide, wastes from the metal processing industry containing acids or alkaline solutions (mostly containing non-ferrous metals and often cyanide or chromate), wastewater from eloxal works and from the waste gas purification of aluminum works, which in both cases contain fluoride. Small and medium sized non-metallic-minerals plants and metal processing plants are so situated that they discharge their wastewater into municipal wastewater systems and have to treat or purify their effluents before discharge, in compliance with local regulations. 2.2 Organic industrial wastewater Organic industrial wastewater contains organic industrial waste flow from those chemical industries and large-scale chemical works, which mainly use organic substances for chemical reactions. The effluents contain organic substances having various origins and properties. These can only be removed by special pretreatment of the wastewater, followed by biological treatment. Most organic industrial wastewaters are produced by the following industries and plants: ƒ The factories manufacturing pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, organic dye-stuffs, glue and adhesives, soaps, synthetic detergents, pesticides and herbicides; ƒ Tanneries and leather factories; ƒ Textile factories; ƒ Cellulose and paper manufacturing plants; ƒ Factories of the oil refining industry; ƒ Brewery and fermentation factories
ƒ Metal processing industry.
As examples, some special types of wastewater produced by the industries mentioned
above are briefly introduced as follows.
Wastewater produced from the pharmaceutical industries
 The quality of the wastes from the production of pharmaceuticals varies a great deal,
owing to the variety of basic raw materials, working processes and waste products. It is a
characteristic of the pharmaceutical industry that very many products as well as
intermediate products are manufactured in the same plant. Thus different kinds of effluent
with widely varying qualities flow from the different production areas.
For large chemical industries it is also usual to manufacture pharmaceutical products
together with other chemical products. Some times waste substances include the
extraction residues of natural and synthetic solvents, used nutrient solutions, specific
poisonous substances, and many other organics.
The wastewater produced by the pharmaceutical industry has a very bad quality for
wastewater treatment. Usually the concentration of COD is around 5000 – 15000 mg/L,
the concentration of BOD5 is relative low, and the ratio of BOD5 /COD is lower than 30%
which means the wastewater has a poor biodegradability. Such wastewater has bad color
and high (or low) pH value, and it needs a strong pretreatment method, followed by a
biological treatment process with a long reaction time.
Wastewater produced by tannery plants
A tannery is one of the most water intensive plants, and its production process consists of
several steps. The quality of water depends only to a slight degree on the type of hides and
the mechanical and chemical methods used in tanning. In a tannery with chrome and bark
tanning, the wastewater resulting from the different processes are as follows:
ƒ Soaking and washing 22.5%
ƒ Liming 17.5%
ƒ Rinsing 5.5%
ƒ Plumping and bating 19.0%
ƒ Chrome tanning 2.0%
ƒ Bark tanning 2.0%
ƒ Washing and drumming 31.5%
In fact the wastewater flow is very uneven. The peak flow can be 250% of the hourly
average flow rate.
The wastewater produced by a tannery (including preparation of the hides) has a fairly
acid pH and high chloride content (up to 5 g Cl/L). It contains a high concentration of
COD (about 1500 – 2500 mg/L), a high amount of settable substances (10 – 20 g/L) and
emulsified fat, and tends to form foam. The dichromate content can reach a peak value of
2000 mg/L. So the tannery wastewater is a killer to the water environment if it is


POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION: LOCAL EFFECTS AND IT’S CONTROL – Vol. I - Industrial Wastewater-Types, Amounts
and Effects - Hanchang SHI
Bibliography
Alicia Leung, Deepak Si
nha., (1998) Brewery Industry China Hong Kong Management Case Study
,Management Development Center of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. [This report shows the components of
wastewater produced by the brewery industry and its effects.]
Bhaskaran, T. R, () Tannery Wastes, Guidelines for the Control of Industrial Wastes, WHO/WD/ 73.14
[This report presents the components of tannery wastewater and the control methods.]
Czysz W. and Schneider W., (1989)Waste Water Technology: Origin, Collection, Treatment and Analysis
of Waste Water, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, pp103-109 [This article show the
wastewater amounts produced by the different processes in a tannery with chrome and bark tanning.]
Julie, Stauffer, (1998) The Water Crisis: Constructing Solution to Freshwater Pollution, Earthscan
Publications Limited, London UK. [This article show the major pollutants in wastewater produced by
different industrial sectors.]
Modern Methods of Plant Analysis Vol. 20 Analysis of Plant Waste Materials, Springer- Verlag, Berlin
Heidelberg, 1999, pp 41-42 [This article presents the characteristic of mixed brewery wastewater.]
Meybeck M., Chapman V.D. and Helmer R., (1990) Global Freshwater Quality ( A First Assessment ),
Published on behalf of the WHO and UNEP, Blackwell Ltd., USA. [This report presents the amounts of
industrial wastewater produced by different industrial sectors and the increasing trend in different areas of
the world.]
Biographical Sketch
Han-chang SHI is a professor of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua
University and the director of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
in P. R. China. He graduated from the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua
University in 1984 and studied in Water Research Center in the U.K. and University of Michigan in the
U.S.A. as a senior visiting scholar during 1989 and 1994. The major research fields of him are biological
wastewater treatment, refractory and toxic organics treatment using anaerobic acidification process,
modeling and simulation of aerobic biological wastewater treatment process, and low toxic wastewater

                                    



Each country generates their share of effluence depending upon the manufacturing capacity because this is inevitable to happen. When we eat a plantain, its peel is the waste that we produce. If we throw it on the road, some one may fall. It can become degenerate and cause nuisance, attract rats and flies. Produce nasty smell.
 When the whole amount of industrial effluence  starts acting according to their inherent nature and qualities, we get fire  and fumes and froth on the water in lakes as it occurred in Bangalore, well water getting contaminated near tanneries, and chemical factories  etc.
Now these effluence will have the same characteristics of their fine products which is despatched to the markets nationally and internationally, why not make use of the bi- products from them. When milk is
made into cheese and whey,  people throw away the whey. Now major companies collect all the whey and produce excellent health and energy  and stamina boosting products for our athletes who  compete in Olympic !!!

The rare earth production in China left so much waste and discarded them until it was found that even more valuable minerals were hidden in the waste !!

The cotton industry did not knew what to do with the cotton seed which amounts to tons and tons of waste , till some one found that we could produce cotton seed oil from this waste  . !!!

From all these high powered waste we produce fuel also, since just a small portion of vegetables can  produce enough fuel to sustain a small family’s needs, how much more powerful and efficient fuel can be generated from these  toxic powerful waste . Instead of destroying the earth by leaving it to flow

everywhere , inflicting diseases to man and animals and atmosphere,  let us harness its utility side .